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hanging glacier

  • 1 glacier suspendu

    Dictionnaire français-anglais de géographie > glacier suspendu

  • 2 Gehängegletscher

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch für Geographie > Gehängegletscher

  • 3 glaciar suspendido

    Diccionario geografía española-Inglés > glaciar suspendido

  • 4 висячий ледник

    Русско-английский географический словарь > висячий ледник

  • 5 висячий ледник

    Русско-английский экологический словарь > висячий ледник

  • 6 висячий ледник

    1. hanging glacier

     

    висячий ледник
    Ледник, занимающий слабо выраженные впадины в верхней части горных склонов.
    [ ГОСТ 26463-85 ]

    Тематики

    Обобщающие термины

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > висячий ледник

  • 7 ледник висячий

    1. hanging glacier

     

    ледник висячий
    Небольшой ледяной язык, располагающийся на вогнутом участке склона и нависающий над обрывом; расход (см. абляция) происходит нередко за счет ледяных обвалов.
    [ Словарь геологических терминов и понятий. Томский Государственный Университет]

    Тематики

    • геология, геофизика

    Обобщающие термины

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > ледник висячий

  • 8 висячий ледник

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > висячий ледник

  • 9 ghiacciaio

    m (pl -ai) glacier
    * * *
    ghiacciaio s.m. glacier: crepacci di ghiacciaio, glacier crevasses; bocca di ghiacciaio, glacier snout; ghiacciaio continentale, ice sheet; ghiacciaio di tipo norvegese, plateau glacier; ghiacciaio sospeso, hanging glacier.
    * * *
    pl. -ai [gjat'tʃajo, ai] sostantivo maschile glacier
    * * *
    ghiacciaio
    pl. -ai /gjat't∫ajo, ai/
    sostantivo m.
    glacier.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > ghiacciaio

  • 10 sospeso

    1. past part vedere sospendere
    2. adj hanging
    fig questione pending
    tenere in sospeso persona keep in suspense
    * * *
    sospeso agg.
    1 hanging, suspended: una lampada sospesa al soffitto, a lamp hanging from the ceiling; ponte sospeso, suspension bridge; restare sospeso nel vuoto, to be hanging in space // essere sospeso a un filo, (fig.) to be hanging by a thread // (geol.): falda freatica sospesa, perched water table; ghiacciaio sospeso, hanging glacier
    2 ( interrotto) suspended, interrupted; ( rinviato) postponed, adjourned: i lavori sono sospesi, the works are interrupted; riunione sospesa, adjourned meeting; il servizio dei pullman oggi è sospeso, the coach service has been suspended today; (comm.) la vendita di questo articolo è sospesa, the sale of this article is suspended
    3 ( punito) suspended: studente sospeso, suspended student; questo impiegato è sospeso per un mese, this employee is suspended (o is on suspension) for a month
    4 ( trepidante) in suspense, on edge (pred.); ( preoccupato) worried; ( indeciso) undecided: non tenerlo così sospeso, don't keep him in suspense like that; siamo ancora con l'animo sospeso, we are still in suspense; sono sempre con l'animo sospeso quando viaggia in aeroplano, I am always worried (o on edge) when he takes a plane // col fiato sospeso, with bated breath
    ◆ s.m. ( conto da saldare) outstanding payment, outstanding account; ( pratica non definita) outstanding matter: (comm.) avere molti sospesi, to have many outstanding accounts // in sospeso, outstanding, pending, unsettled, held over; in abeyance: rimane tutto in sospeso fino al suo arrivo, everything has been held over until his arrival; trattative, affari in sospeso, pending negotiations, business; conto in sospeso, outstanding (o unpaid) bill; ho ancora dei conti in sospeso con te!, (fig.) I still have some unsettled account with you!; debito in sospeso, unsettled (o unpaid) debt; crediti, effetti in sospeso, outstanding credits, bills; tenere un pagamento in sospeso, to hold over a payment; tenere in sospeso una pratica, to hold a matter in abeyance; (dir.) causa in sospeso, pending lawsuit.
    * * *
    [sos'peso] sospeso (-a)
    1. pp
    See:
    2. agg
    (mano, braccio) raised, (vallata) hanging, (treno, autobus) cancelled

    in sospeso — (pratica) pending, (discorso) unfinished, (conto) outstanding

    * * *
    [sos'peso] 1. 2.
    1) (appeso) suspended; [lampadario, quadro] hanging (a from)
    3) fig. (interrotto, rinviato) suspended, postponed, deferred, adjourned
    4) (punito) [ atleta] suspended, banned; [alunno, impiegato] suspended
    5) in sospeso [ questione] undecided, pending, pendent; [lavoro, problema, conto] outstanding

    tenere qcn. in sospeso — to keep sb. in suspense

    ••
    * * *
    sospeso
    /sos'peso/
     →  sospendere
     1 (appeso) suspended; [lampadario, quadro] hanging (a from)
     2 (sollevato) ponte sospeso suspension bridge; sospeso a mezz'aria suspended in midair
     3 fig. (interrotto, rinviato) suspended, postponed, deferred, adjourned
     4 (punito) [ atleta] suspended, banned; [alunno, impiegato] suspended
     5 in sospeso [ questione] undecided, pending, pendent; [lavoro, problema, conto] outstanding; per il momento lasciamolo in sospeso let's put it to the side for the moment; lasciare la decisione in sospeso to leave the decision open; tenere qcn. in sospeso to keep sb. in suspense; ho ancora un conto in sospeso con lui I've still got a bone to pick with him
    col fiato sospeso with bated breath; il film ci ha tenuto col fiato sospeso the film had us on the edge of our seats.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > sospeso

  • 11 hengebre

    subst. hanging glacier

    Norsk-engelsk ordbok > hengebre

  • 12 vedretta

    vedretta s.f. (geol.) hanging glacier; (spec. amer.) glacieret.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > vedretta

  • 13 lengua

    f.
    1 tongue.
    lengua de tierra tongue of land
    las malas lenguas dicen que… according to the gossip…
    ir/llegar con la lengua fuera (informal) to go along/arrive puffing and panting
    morderse la lengua to bite one's tongue
    se le trabó la lengua she stumbled over her words
    2 language (idioma, lenguaje).
    lengua materna mother tongue
    lengua muerta dead language
    * * *
    1 ANATOMÍA tongue
    2 (idioma) language
    3 (de tierra) strip
    \
    con la lengua fuera familiar with one's tongue hanging out
    dicen las malas lenguas que... gossip has it that...
    hacerse lenguas de algo to rave about something
    irse de la lengua familiar to let the cat out of the bag
    no tener pelos en la lengua figurado not to mince one's words
    tener algo en la punta de la lengua figurado to have something on the tip of one's tongue
    tener la lengua muy larga familiar to have a loose tongue
    tener una lengua viperina to have a vicious tongue
    tirar de la lengua a alguien familiar to pump somebody for information
    trabarse la lengua to get tongue-tied
    lengua de gato langue de chat
    lengua d'oc langue d'oc
    lengua d'oíl langue d'oïl
    lengua de trapo babbling
    lengua madre parent language
    lengua materna mother tongue
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (Anat) tongue

    • beber con la lengua — to lap up

    • mala lengua — gossip

    según las malas lenguas... — according to gossip...

    • sacar la lengua, abra la boca y saque la lengua — open your mouth and put o stick your tongue out

    - ¿te ha comido la lengua el gato?

    lengua viperina — sharp tongue, vicious tongue

    largo 1., 1), trabar 3.
    2) [de campana] tongue, clapper
    3) (Geog)

    lengua de tierra — spit of land, tongue of land

    4) (Ling) language, tongue; Esp (Escol) Spanish language ( as a school subject)

    hablar en lengua — And to speak Quichua

    LENGUAS COOFICIALES Under the Spanish constitution catalán, euskera and gallego are lenguas oficiales and enjoy the same status as castellano in the autonomous regions in which they are spoken. These languages are also known as lenguas cooficiales to show they enjoy equal status with Spanish. The regional governments actively promote their use through the media and the education system.
    See:
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Anat) tongue

    darle a la lengua — (fam) to chatter

    desatársele la lengua a alguien — to start to talk

    irse de la lengua or írsele la lengua a alguien — (fam)

    no te vayas a ir de la lengua — make sure you don't tell anybody; malo I

    morderse la lengua — to bite one's tongue

    soltar la lengua — to spill the beans

    ¿te comieron la lengua los ratones? — (fam & hum) has the cat got your tongue? (colloq)

    tirarle de or (AmL) tirarle or jalarle la lengua a alguien: hay que tirarle (de) la lengua you have to drag everything out of him; sé mucho sobre ti así que no me tires (de) la lengua — I know a lot about you, so don't provoke me

    b) (Coc) tongue
    c) ( de tierra) spit, tongue; ( de fuego) tongue
    2) (Ling) language
    •
    •• Cultural note:
    The regional languages of Spain, catalán, euskera, and gallego, which now have equal status with Castilian in the regions where they are spoken. Banned under Franco, they continued to be spoken privately. They are now widely used in public life, education, and the media, cinema and literature
    * * *
    = language, tongue.
    Ex. A paraphrase is an interpretation of the concepts featured in a document, written in the language of the writer of the paraphrase.
    Ex. Although I do at times write with my tongue between my lips (the standard attitude of deep concentration), there are other times when it is equally firmly in my cheek.
    ----
    * Asociación de Lenguas Modernas (MLA) = Modern Language Association (MLA).
    * darle a la lengua = shoot + the breeze, shoot + the bull.
    * decían las malas lenguas que = rumour had it that.
    * de lengua árabe = Arabic speaking.
    * dicen las malas lenguas que = rumour has it that.
    * dominio de una lengua extranjera = language proficiency.
    * en diversas lenguas = multilingually.
    * en dos lenguas = bilingually.
    * enfermedad de la lengua azul = bluetongue disease.
    * enredo de lengua = slip of the tongue.
    * entre varias lenguas = cross-lingual.
    * en varias lenguas = cross-lingual, cross-language, multilingually.
    * hablar con lengua de serpiente = talk with + a twisted tongue.
    * hablar con lengua de serpiente = speak with + a twisted tongue, speak with + a split tongue, speak with + a forked tongue.
    * hablar en lengua desconocida = speak in + tongues, talk in + tongues.
    * humedecer con la lengua = lick.
    * irse de la lengua = spill + the beans, shoot + Posesivo + mouth off, let + the cat out of the bag, blow + the gaff.
    * lengua autóctona = indigenous language.
    * lengua bífida = forked tongue, split tongue.
    * lengua de fuego = tongue of fire.
    * lengua de intercambio = exchange language.
    * lengua escrita = written language.
    * lengua extinta = extinct language.
    * lengua extranjera = foreign language.
    * lengua flexionada = inflected language.
    * lengua franca = lingua franca.
    * lengua hablada = spoken language.
    * lengua indígena = indigenous language.
    * lengua inglesa = English language.
    * lengua mandarina = Mandarin.
    * lengua materna = mother tongue.
    * lengua minoritaria = minority language.
    * lengua muerta = dead language, dead tongue.
    * lengua nacional = national language.
    * lengua nativa = native language, native tongue.
    * lengua negra = hairy tongue.
    * lengua oficial común = working language.
    * lengua oscurecida = black hairy tongue.
    * lengua peluda = hairy tongue.
    * lengua romance = romance language.
    * lengua vernácula = vernacular, vernacular language.
    * lengua /conocimiento de lengua = language skill.
    * mojar con la lengua = lick.
    * morderse la lengua = stay + Posesivo + tongue, hold + Posesivo + tongue, bite + Posesivo + tongue, bite + Posesivo + lip.
    * no morderse la lengua = call + a spade a spade.
    * no tener pelos en lengua = call + a spade a spade.
    * país cuya lengua oficial no es el inglés = non-English-speaking country.
    * persona que sólo habla una lengua = monoglot.
    * piercing para la lengua = tongue stud.
    * recuperación de información en varias lenguas = cross-language information retrieval (CLIR).
    * sin pelos en la lengua = outspokenly.
    * soltársele a Uno la lengua = tongue + be unloosed.
    * tener pelos en la lengua = mince + words.
    * TOEFL (Examen de Inglés como Segunda Lengua) = TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language).
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Anat) tongue

    darle a la lengua — (fam) to chatter

    desatársele la lengua a alguien — to start to talk

    irse de la lengua or írsele la lengua a alguien — (fam)

    no te vayas a ir de la lengua — make sure you don't tell anybody; malo I

    morderse la lengua — to bite one's tongue

    soltar la lengua — to spill the beans

    ¿te comieron la lengua los ratones? — (fam & hum) has the cat got your tongue? (colloq)

    tirarle de or (AmL) tirarle or jalarle la lengua a alguien: hay que tirarle (de) la lengua you have to drag everything out of him; sé mucho sobre ti así que no me tires (de) la lengua — I know a lot about you, so don't provoke me

    b) (Coc) tongue
    c) ( de tierra) spit, tongue; ( de fuego) tongue
    2) (Ling) language
    •
    •• Cultural note:
    The regional languages of Spain, catalán, euskera, and gallego, which now have equal status with Castilian in the regions where they are spoken. Banned under Franco, they continued to be spoken privately. They are now widely used in public life, education, and the media, cinema and literature
    * * *
    = language, tongue.

    Ex: A paraphrase is an interpretation of the concepts featured in a document, written in the language of the writer of the paraphrase.

    Ex: Although I do at times write with my tongue between my lips (the standard attitude of deep concentration), there are other times when it is equally firmly in my cheek.
    * Asociación de Lenguas Modernas (MLA) = Modern Language Association (MLA).
    * darle a la lengua = shoot + the breeze, shoot + the bull.
    * decían las malas lenguas que = rumour had it that.
    * de lengua árabe = Arabic speaking.
    * dicen las malas lenguas que = rumour has it that.
    * dominio de una lengua extranjera = language proficiency.
    * en diversas lenguas = multilingually.
    * en dos lenguas = bilingually.
    * enfermedad de la lengua azul = bluetongue disease.
    * enredo de lengua = slip of the tongue.
    * entre varias lenguas = cross-lingual.
    * en varias lenguas = cross-lingual, cross-language, multilingually.
    * hablar con lengua de serpiente = talk with + a twisted tongue.
    * hablar con lengua de serpiente = speak with + a twisted tongue, speak with + a split tongue, speak with + a forked tongue.
    * hablar en lengua desconocida = speak in + tongues, talk in + tongues.
    * humedecer con la lengua = lick.
    * irse de la lengua = spill + the beans, shoot + Posesivo + mouth off, let + the cat out of the bag, blow + the gaff.
    * lengua autóctona = indigenous language.
    * lengua bífida = forked tongue, split tongue.
    * lengua de fuego = tongue of fire.
    * lengua de intercambio = exchange language.
    * lengua escrita = written language.
    * lengua extinta = extinct language.
    * lengua extranjera = foreign language.
    * lengua flexionada = inflected language.
    * lengua franca = lingua franca.
    * lengua hablada = spoken language.
    * lengua indígena = indigenous language.
    * lengua inglesa = English language.
    * lengua mandarina = Mandarin.
    * lengua materna = mother tongue.
    * lengua minoritaria = minority language.
    * lengua muerta = dead language, dead tongue.
    * lengua nacional = national language.
    * lengua nativa = native language, native tongue.
    * lengua negra = hairy tongue.
    * lengua oficial común = working language.
    * lengua oscurecida = black hairy tongue.
    * lengua peluda = hairy tongue.
    * lengua romance = romance language.
    * lengua vernácula = vernacular, vernacular language.
    * lengua /conocimiento de lengua = language skill.
    * mojar con la lengua = lick.
    * morderse la lengua = stay + Posesivo + tongue, hold + Posesivo + tongue, bite + Posesivo + tongue, bite + Posesivo + lip.
    * no morderse la lengua = call + a spade a spade.
    * no tener pelos en lengua = call + a spade a spade.
    * país cuya lengua oficial no es el inglés = non-English-speaking country.
    * persona que sólo habla una lengua = monoglot.
    * piercing para la lengua = tongue stud.
    * recuperación de información en varias lenguas = cross-language information retrieval (CLIR).
    * sin pelos en la lengua = outspokenly.
    * soltársele a Uno la lengua = tongue + be unloosed.
    * tener pelos en la lengua = mince + words.
    * TOEFL (Examen de Inglés como Segunda Lengua) = TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language).

    * * *
    lenguas cooficiales (↑ lengua a1)
    A
    saca la lengua put out your tongue
    me sacó la lengua he stuck his tongue out at me
    se me traba la lengua I get tongue-tied
    tengo la lengua pastosa or estropajosa I have a cotton mouth ( AmE colloq), I've got a furry tongue ( BrE colloq)
    andar en lenguas ( fam); to be the subject of gossip
    con la lengua fuera ( fam): llegamos a casa con la lengua fuera by the time we got home our tongues were hanging out ( colloq)
    darle a la lengua ( fam); to chatter, gab ( colloq)
    hacerse lenguas de algn/algo ( fam); to rave about sb/sth ( colloq)
    todos se hacen lenguas de su belleza everyone raves about how beautiful she is
    quiero que sea una sorpresa así que no te vayas a ir de la lengua I want it to be a secret so don't go and let the cat out of the bag ( colloq)
    morderse la lengua to bite one's tongue
    soltar la lengua to spill the beans
    soltarle la lengua a algn to make sb talk
    ¿te comieron la lengua los ratones? o ( Esp) ¿te ha comido la lengua el gato? ( fam hum); has the cat got your tongue? ( colloq), have you lost your tongue? ( colloq)
    tirarle or ( AmL) jalarle (de) la lengua a algn: hay que tirarle de la lengua para que te cuente nada you have to drag everything out of him o you have to pump him, otherwise he doesn't tell you anything
    sé mucho sobre tus negocios sucios así que no me tires de la lengua I know a lot about your shady deals, so don't provoke me …
    2 ( Coc) tongue
    3 (de tierra) spit, tongue
    4 (de fuego) tongue
    Compuesto:
    langue de chat
    B ( Ling) language
    la lengua y el habla langue and parole
    lengua de trapo baby talk
    medio1 (↑ medio (1))
    Compuestos:
    target language
    ● lengua de oc/d'oil
    langue d'oc/d'oïl
    source language
    ● lengua madre or materna
    mother tongue
    target language, object language
    dead language
    target language, object language
    living language
    * * *

     

    lengua sustantivo femenino
    1
    a) (Anat) tongue;


    irse de la lengua or írsele la lengua a algn (fam): no debía haberlo dicho pero se me fue la lengua I shouldn't have said it but it just slipped out;
    no te vayas a ir de la lengua make sure you don't tell anybody;
    See Also→ malo2
    b) (Coc) tongue


    ( de fuego) tongue
    2 (Ling) language;

    lengua sustantivo femenino
    1 Anat tongue
    figurado tener la lengua afilada, to have a sharp tongue
    lengua viperina, poisonous tongue
    mala lengua, gossip: dicen las malas lenguas que se casó con ella por interés, rumour has it that he married her for selfish reasons
    2 Ling language
    lengua materna, native o mother tongue
    lengua muerta, dead language
    segunda lengua, second language
    3 (franja estrecha) spit, tongue: una lengua de mar se adentra en la costa, a spit of land cuts into the coast
    4 (badajo) clapper
    ♦ Locuciones: con la lengua fuera: terminamos el examen con la lengua fuera, by the end of the exam we were exhausted
    fam fig irse de la lengua, to spill the beans
    morderse uno la lengua, to bite one's tongue: tuve que morderme la lengua para no decir lo que pensaba, I had to bite my tongue to stop myself from blurting it out
    familiar tener la lengua muy larga, to be a bigmouth: tu hermana tiene la lengua muy larga, your sister is a bigmouth
    fam fig tirarle a alguien de la lengua, to try to drag sthg out of sb
    ' lengua' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    academia
    - achicharrarse
    - autóctona
    - autóctono
    - bífida
    - bífido
    - chascar
    - chasquear
    - chasquido
    - contaminar
    - ELE
    - habla
    - hablar
    - materna
    - materno
    - pastosa
    - pastoso
    - pelo
    - punta
    - sacar
    - sarro
    - trabarse
    - vernácula
    - vernáculo
    - viperina
    - viperino
    - afilado
    - clásico
    - conocer
    - corromper
    - corrupción
    - enriquecer
    - manejo
    - nativo
    - quemar
    - románico
    - sucio
    - trabar
    - transmitir
    - vivo
    English:
    bite
    - bite back
    - click
    - draw out
    - first language
    - fur
    - guttural
    - language
    - mince
    - mother tongue
    - origin
    - put out
    - Romanic
    - second language
    - specially
    - stick out
    - thrust out
    - tip
    - tongue
    - venomous
    - assistant
    - hang
    - lick
    - mother
    - out
    - sharp
    - stumble
    - TEFL
    - tut
    - vernacular
    * * *
    lengua nf
    1. [órgano] tongue;
    sacarle la lengua a alguien to stick one's tongue out at sb;
    se le trabó la lengua she stumbled over her words;
    también Fig
    morderse la lengua to bite one's tongue;
    Fam
    darle a la lengua to chatter;
    Fam
    irse de la lengua, RP [m5] aflojar o [m5] soltar la lengua to let the cat out of the bag;
    Fam
    ir/llegar con la lengua fuera to go along/arrive puffing and panting;
    Fam
    ser largo de lengua, tener la lengua muy larga to be a gossip;
    las malas lenguas dicen que… according to the gossip…;
    lo tengo en la punta de la lengua I've got it on the tip of my tongue;
    Fam
    ¿(se) te ha comido la lengua el gato?, Am [m5]¿te comieron la lengua los ratones? has the cat got your tongue?;
    Fam lengua de buey [planta] bugloss;
    lengua de ciervo [planta] hart's-tongue fern;
    lengua de fuego tongue of flame;
    Esp lengua de gato [de chocolate] langue de chat; Fig lengua de víbora malicious tongue; Fig lengua viperina malicious tongue
    2. [de tierra] tongue
    Geol lengua glaciar glacier tongue
    3. [idioma, lenguaje] language
    lengua culta educated speech;
    lengua de destino target language;
    lengua escrita written language;
    lengua estándar standard language;
    lengua franca lingua franca;
    lengua fuente source language;
    lengua hablada spoken language;
    lengua de llegada target language;
    lengua materna mother tongue;
    mi lengua materna no es el español I'm not a native speaker of Spanish;
    lengua meta target language;
    lenguas modernas modern languages;
    lengua muerta dead language;
    lengua normativa standard language;
    lengua de oc langue d'oc;
    lengua de oíl langue d'oïl;
    lengua original original o source language;
    lengua romance Romance language;
    lengua románica Romance language;
    lengua viva living language;
    lengua vulgar vulgar o coarse language
    4. Esp [asignatura] Spanish (language)
    * * *
    f tongue;
    darle a la lengua fam chatter;
    de doble filo sharp tongue;
    tirar a alguien de la lengua get information out of s.o.;
    con la lengua fuera fig with one’s tongue hanging out;
    irse de la lengua let the cat out of the bag;
    morderse la lengua fig bite one’s tongue;
    sacar la lengua a alguien stick one’s tongue out at s.o.;
    lo tengo en la punta de la lengua it’s on the tip of my tongue
    * * *
    lengua nf
    1) : tongue
    morderse la lengua: to bite one's tongue
    2) idioma: language
    lengua materna: mother tongue, native language
    lengua muerta: dead language
    * * *
    1. (del cuerpo) tongue
    2. (idioma) language
    irse de la lengua to let the cat out of the bag [pt. & pp. let]
    lengua materna native language / mother tongue

    Spanish-English dictionary > lengua

  • 14 Á

    * * *
    a negative suffix to verbs, not;
    era útmakligt, at it is not unmeet that.
    * * *
    1.
    á, prep., often used elliptically, or even adverbially, [Goth. ana; Engl. on; Germ. an. In the Scandinavian idioms the liquid n is absorbed. In English the same has been supposed to happen in adverbial phrases, e. g. ‘along, away, abroad, afoot, again, agate, ahead, aloft, alone, askew, aside, astray, awry,’ etc. It is indeed true that the Ormulum in its northern dialect freq. uses o, even in common phrases, such as ‘o boke, o land, o life, o slæpe, o strande, o write, o naht, o loft,’ etc., v. the glossary; and we may compare on foot and afoot, on sleep (Engl. Vers. of Bible) and asleep; A. S. a-butan and on-butan (about); agen and ongean (again, against); on bæc, aback; on life, alive; on middan, amid. But it is more than likely that in the expressions quoted above, as well as in numberless others, as well in old as in modern English, the English a- as well as the o- of the Ormulum and the modern Scottish and north of England o- are in reality remains of this very á pronounced au or ow, which was brought by the Scandinavian settlers into the north of England. In the struggle for supremacy between the English dialects after the Conquest, the Scandinavian form á or a won the day in many cases to the exclusion of the Anglo-Saxon on. Some of these adverbs have representatives only in the Scandinavian tongues, not in Anglo-Saxon; see below, with dat. B. II, C. VII; with acc. C. I. and VI. The prep. á denotes the surface or outside; í and ór the inside; at, til, and frá, nearness measured to or from an object: á thus answers to the Gr. επί; the Lat. in includes á and i together.]
    With dat. and acc.: in the first case with the notion of remaining on a place, answering to Lat. in with abl.; in the last with the notion of motion to the place, = Lat. in with acc.
    WITH DAT.
    A. Loc.
    I. generally on, upon; á gólfi, on the floor, Nj. 2; á hendi, on the hand (of a ring), 48, 225; á palli, 50; á steini, 108; á vegg, 115; á sjá ok á landi, on sea and land. In some instances the distinction between d and i is loose and wavering, but in most cases common sense and usage decide; thus ‘á bók’ merely denotes the letters, the penmanship, ‘í’ the contents of a book; mod. usage, however, prefers ‘í,’ lesa í bók, but stafr á bók. Old writers on the other hand; á bókum Enskum, in English books, Landn. 24, but í Aldafars bók, 23 (in the book De Mensurâ Temporum, by Bede), cp. Grág. i. 76, where á is a false reading instead of at; á bréfi, the contents of a letter: of clothing or arms, mítr á höfði, sverð á hlið, mitre on head, sword on side, Fms. i. 266, viii. 404; hafa lykil á sér, on one’s person, 655 xxvii. 22; möttull á tyglum, a mantle hanging on (i. e. fastened by) laces, Fms. vii. 201: á þingi means to be present at a meeting; í þingi, to abide within a jurisdiction; á himni, á jörðu, on (Engl. in) heaven and earth, e. g. in the Lord’s Prayer, but í helviti, in hell; á Gimli, Edda (of a heavenly abode); á báti, á skipi denote crew and cargo, ‘í’ the timber or materials of which a ship is built, Eg. 385; vera í stafni á skipi, 177: á skógi, to be abroad in a wood (of a hunter, robber, deer); but to be situated (a house), at work (to fell timber), í skógi, 573, Fs. 5, Fms. iii. 122, viii. 31, xi. 1, Glúm. 330, Landn. 173; á mörkinni, Fms. i. 8, but í mörk, of a farm; á firðinum means lying in a firth, of ships or islands (on the surface of the water), þær eyjar liggja á Breiðafirði, Ld. 36; but í firði, living in a district named Firth; á landi, Nj. 98, Fms. xi. 386.
    II. á is commonly used in connection with the pr. names or countries terminating in ‘land,’ Engl. in, á Englandi, Írlandi, Skotlandi, Bretlandi, Saxlandi, Vindlandi, Vínlandi, Grænalandi, Íslandi, Hálogalandi, Rogalandi, Jótlandi, Frakklandi, Hjaltlandi, Jamtalandi, Hvítramannalandi, Norðrlöndum, etc., vide Landn. and the index to Fms. xii. In old writers í is here very rare, in modern authors more frequent; taste and the context in many instances decide. An Icelander would now say, speaking of the queen or king, ‘á Englandi,’ ruling over, but to live ‘í Englandi,’ or ‘á Englandi;’ the rule in the last case not being quite fixed.
    2. in connection with other names of countries: á Mæri, Vörs, Ögðum, Fjölum, all districts of Norway, v. Landn.; á Mýrum (in Icel.), á Finnmörk, Landn., á Fjóni (a Danish island); but í Danmörk, Svíþjóð (á Svíþjóðu is poët., Gs. 13).
    3. before Icel. farms denoting open and elevated slopes and spaces (not too high, because then ‘at’ must be used), such as ‘staðr, völlr, ból, hjalli, bakki, heimr, eyri,’ etc.; á Veggjum, Landn. 69; á Hólmlátri, id.: those ending in ‘-staðr,’ á Geirmundarstöðum, Þórisstöðum, Jarðlangsstöðum…, Landn.: ‘-völlr,’ á Möðruvöllum: á Fitjum (the farm) í Storð (the island), í Fenhring (the island) á Aski (the farm), Landn., Eg.: ‘-nes’ sometimes takes á, sometimes í (in mod. usage always ‘í’), á Nesi, Eb. 14, or í Krossnesi, 30; in the last case the notion of island, νησος, prevails: so also, ‘fjörðr,’ as, þeir börðust á Vigrafirði (of a fight o n the ice), Landn. 101, but orusta í Hafrsfirði, 122: with ‘-bær,’ á is used in the sense of a farm or estate, hón sa á e-m bæ mikit hús ok fagrt, Edda 22; ‘í bæ’ means within doors, of the buildings: with ‘Bær’ as pr. name Landn. uses ‘í,’ 71, 160, 257, 309, 332.
    4. denoting on or just above; of the sun, when the time is fixed by regarding the sun in connection with points in the horizon, a standing phrase in Icel.; sól á gjáhamri, when the sun is on the crag of the Rift, Grág. i. 26, cp. Glúm. 387; so, brú á á, a bridge on a river, Fms. viii. 179, Hrafn. 20; taka hús á e-m, to surprise one, to take the house over his head, Fms. i. 11.
    III. á is sometimes used in old writers where we should now expect an acc., esp. in the phrase, leggja sverði (or the like) á e-m, or á e-m miðjum, to stab, Eg. 216, Gísl. 106, Band. 14; þá stakk Starkaðr sprotanum á konungi, then Starkad stabbed the king with the wand, Fas. iii. 34; bíta á kampi (vör), to bite the lips, as a token of pain or emotion, Nj. 209, 68; taka á e-u, to touch a thing, lay hold of it, v. taka; fá á e-u, id. (poët.); leggja hendr á (better at) síðum, in wrestling, Fms. x. 331; koma á úvart á e-m, to come on one unawares, ix. 407 (rare).
    B. TEMP. of a particular point or period of time, at, on, in:
    I. gener. denoting during, in the course of; á nótt, degi, nætrþeli …, Bs. i. 139; or spec. adding a pron. or an adject., á næsta sumri, the next summer; á því ári, þingi, misseri, hausti, vári, sumri …, during, in that year …, Bs. i. 679, etc.; á þrem sumrum, in the course of three summers, Grág. i. 218; á þrem várum, Fms. ii. 114; á hálfs mánaðar fresti, within half a month’s delay, Nj. 99; á tvítugs, sextugs … aldri, á barns, gamals aldri, etc., at the age of …, v. aldr: á dögum e-s, in the days of, in his reign or time, Landn. 24, Hrafn. 3, Fms. ix. 229.
    II. used of a fixed recurrent period or season; á várum, sumrum, haustum, vetrum, á kveldum, every spring, summer …, in the evenings, Eg. 711, Fms. i. 23, 25, vi. 394, Landn. 292: with the numeral adverbs, cp. Lat. ter in anno, um sinn á mánuði, ári, once a month, once a year, where the Engl. a is not the article but the preposition, Grág. i. 89.
    III. of duration; á degi, during a whole day, Fms. v. 48; á sjau nóttum, Bárð. 166; á því meli, during that time, in the meantime, Grág. i. 259.
    IV. connected with the seasons (á vetri, sumri, vári, hausti), ‘á’ denotes the next preceding season, the last winter, summer, autumn, Eb. 40, 238, Ld. 206: in such instances ‘á’ denotes the past, ‘at’ the future, ‘í’ the present; thus í vetri in old writers means this winter; á vetri, last winter; at vetri, next winter, Eb. 68 (in a verse), etc.
    C. In various other relations, more or less metaphorically, on, upon, in, to, with, towards, against:
    I. denoting object, in respect of, against, almost periphrastically; dvelja á náðum e-s, under one’s protection, Fms. i. 74; hafa metnað á e-u, to be proud of, to take pride in a thing, 127.
    2. denoting a personal relation, in; bæta e-t á e-m, to make amends, i. e. to one personally; misgöra e-t á e-m, to inflict wrong on one; hafa elsku (hatr) á e-m, to bear love ( hatred) to one, Fms. ix. 242; hefna sín á e-m, to take revenge on one’s person, on anyone; rjúfa sætt á e-m, to break truce on the person of any one, to offend against his person, Nj. 103; hafa sár á sér, 101; sjá á e-m, to read on or in one’s face; sér hann á hverjum manni hvárt til þín er vel eðr illa, 106; var þat brátt auðséð á hennar högum, at …, it could soon be seen in all her doings, that …, Ld. 22.
    3. also generally to shew signs of a thing; sýna fáleika á sér, to shew marks of displeasure, Nj. 14, Fs. 14; taka vel, illa, lítt, á e-u, to take a thing well, ill, or indifferently, id.; finna á sér, to feel in oneself; fann lítt á honum, hvárt …, it could hardly be seen in his face, whether …, Eb. 42; líkindi eru á, it is likely, Ld. 172; göra kost á e-u, to give a choice, chance of it, 178; eiga vald á e-u, to have power over …, Nj. 10.
    II. denoting encumbrance, duty, liability; er fimtardómsmál á þeim, to be subject to …, Nj. 231; the phrase, hafa e-t á hendi, or vera á hendi e-m, on one’s hands, of work or duty to be done; eindagi á fé, term, pay day, Grág. i. 140; ómagi (skylda, afvinna) á fé, of a burden or encumbrance, D. I. and Grág. in several passages.
    III. with a personal pronoun, sér, mér, honum …, denoting personal appearance, temper, character, look, or the like; vera þungr, léttr … á sér, to be heavy or light, either bodily or mentally; þungr á sér, corpulent, Sturl. i. 112; kátr ok léttr á sér, of a gay and light temper, Fms. x. 152; þat bragð hafði hann á sér, he looked as if, … the expression of his face was as though …, Ld., cp. the mod. phrase, hafa á sér svip, bragð, æði, sið, of one’s manner or personal appearance, to bear oneself as, or the like; skjótr (seinn) á fæti, speedy ( slow) of foot, Nj. 258.
    IV. as a periphrasis of the possessive pronoun connected with the limbs or parts of the body. In common Icel. such phrases as my hands, eyes, head … are hardly ever used, but höfuð, eyru, hár, nef, munnr, hendr, fætr … á mér; so ‘í’ is used of the internal parts, e. g. hjarta, bein … í mér; the eyes are regarded as inside the body, augun í honum: also without the possessive pronoun, or as a periphrasis for a genitive, brjóstið á e-m, one’s breast, Nj. 95, Edda 15; súrnar í augum, it smarts in my eyes, my eyes smart, Nj. 202; kviðinn á sér, its belly, 655 xxx. 5, Fms. vi. 350; hendr á henni, her hands, Gísl. (in a verse); í vörunum á honum, on his lips, Band. 14; ristin á honum, his step, Fms. viii. 141; harðr í tungu, sharp of tongue, Hallfred (Fs. 114); kalt (heitt) á fingrum, höndum, fótum …, cold ( warm) in the fingers, hands, feet …, i. e. with cold fingers, etc.; cp. also the phrase, verða vísa (orð) á munni, of extemporising verses or speeches, freq. in the Sagas; fastr á fótum, fast by the leg, of a bondsman, Nj. 27: of the whole body, díla fundu þeir á honum, 209. The pers. pron. is used only in solemn style (poetry, hymns, the Bible), and perhaps only when influenced by foreign languages, e. g. mitt hjarta hví svo hryggist þú, as a translation of ‘warumb betrübst du dich mein Herz?’ the famous hymn by Hans Sachs; instead of the popular hjartað í mér, Sl. 43, 44: hjartað mitt is only used as a term of endearment, as by a husband to his wife, parents to their child, or the like, in a metaphorical sense; the heart proper is ‘í mér,’ not ‘mitt.’
    2. of other things, and as a periphrasis of a genitive, of a part belonging to the whole, e. g. dyrr á husi = húsdyrr, at the house-doors; turn á kirkju = kirkju turn; stafn, skutr, segl, árar … á skipi, the stem, stern, sail … of a ship, Fms. ix. 135; blöð á lauk, á tré …, leaves of a leek, of a tree …, Fas. i. 469; egg á sverði = sverðs egg; stafr á bók; kjölr á bók, and in endless other instances.
    V. denoting instrumentality, by, on, or a-, by means of; afla fjár á hólmgöngum, to make money a-duelling, by means of duels, Eg. 498; á verkum sínum, to subsist on one’s own work, Njarð. 366: as a law term, sekjast á e-ju, to be convicted upon …, Grág. i. 123; sekst maðr þar á sínu eigini ( a man is guilty in re sua), ef hann tekr af þeim manni er heimild ( possessio) hefir til, ii. 191; falla á verkum sínum, to be killed flagranti delicto, v. above; fella e-n á bragði, by a sleight in wrestling; komast undan á flótta, to escape by flight, Eg. 11; á hlaupi, by one’s feet, by speed, Hkr. ii. 168; lifa á e-u, to feed on; bergja á e-u, to taste of a thing; svala sér á e-u, to quench the thirst on.
    VI. with subst. numerals; á þriðja tigi manna, up to thirty, i. e. from about twenty to thirty, Ld. 194; á öðru hundraði skipa, from one to two hundred sail strong, Fms. x. 126; á níunda tigi, between eighty and ninety years of age, Eg. 764, v. above: used as prep., á hendi, on one’s hand, i. e. bound to do it, v. hönd.
    VII. in more or less adverbial phrases it may often be translated in Engl. by a participle and a- prefixed; á lopti, aloft; á floti, afloat; á lífi, alive; á verðgangi, a-begging; á brautu, away; á baki, a-back, behind, past; á milli, a-tween; á laun, alone, secretly; á launungu, id.; á móti, against; á enda, at an end, gone; á huldu, hidden; fara á hæli, to go a-heel, i. e. backwards, Fms. vii. 70;—but in many cases these phrases are transl. by the Engl. partic. with a, which is then perh. a mere prefix, not a prep., á flugi, a-flying in the air, Nj. 79; vera á gangi, a-going; á ferli, to be about; á leiki, a-playing, Fms. i. 78; á sundi, a-swimming, ii. 27; á verði, a-watching, x. 201; á hrakningi, a-wandering; á reiki, a-wavering; á skjálfi, a-shivering; á-hleri, a-listening; á tali, a-talking, Ísl. ii. 200; á hlaupi, a-running, Hkr. ii. 268; á verki, a-working; á veiðum, a-hunting; á fiski, a-fishing; á beit, grazing: and as a law term it even means in flagranti, N. G. L. i. 348.
    VIII. used absolutely without a case in reference to the air or the weather, where ‘á’ is almost redundant; þoka var á mikil, a thick fog came on, Nj. 267; niðamyrkr var á, pitch darkness came on, Eg. 210; allhvast á norðan, a very strong breeze from the north, Fms. ix. 20; þá var á norðrænt, a north wind came on, 42, Ld. 56; hvaðan sem á er, from whatever point the wind is; var á hríð veðrs, a snow storm came on, Nj. 282; görði á regn, rain came on, Fms. vi. 394, xi. 35, Ld. 156.
    WITH ACC.
    A. Loc.
    I. denoting simple direction towards, esp. connected with verbs of motion, going, or the like; hann gékk á bergsnös, Eg. 389; á hamar, Fas. ii. 517.
    2. in phrases denoting direction; liggja á útborða, lying on the outside of the ship, Eg. 354; á annat borð skipinu, Fms. vii. 260; á bæði borð, on both sides of the ship, Nj. 124, Ld. 56; á tvær hliðar, on both sides, Fms. v. 73. Ísl. ii. 159; á hlið, sidewards; út á hlið, Nj. 262, Edda 44; á aðra hönd henni, Nj. 50, Ld. 46; höggva á tvær hendr, to hew or strike right and left, Ísl. ii. 368, Fas. i. 384, Fms. viii. 363, x. 383.
    3. upp á, upon; hann tók augu Þjaza ok kastaði upp á himin, Edda 47: with verbs denoting to look, see, horfa, sjá, líta, etc.; hann rak skygnur á land, he cast glances towards the land, Ld. 154.
    II. denoting direction with or without the idea of arriving:
    1. with verbs denoting to aim at; of a blow or thrust, stefna á fótinn, Nj. 84; spjótið stefnir á hann miðjan, 205: of the wind, gékk veðrit á vestr, the wind veered to west, Fms. ix. 28; sigla á haf, to stand out to sea, Hkr. i. 146, Fms. i. 39: with ‘út’ added, Eg. 390, Fms. x. 349.
    2. conveying the notion of arriving, or the intervening space being traversed; spjótið kom á miðjan skjöldinn, Eg. 379, Nj. 96, 97; langt upp á land, far up inland, Hkr. i. 146: to reach, taka ofan á belti, of the long locks of a woman, to reach down to the belt, Nj. 2; ofan á bringu, 48; á þa ofan, 91.
    III. without reference to the space traversed, connected with verbs denoting to go, turn, come, ride, sail, throw, or the like, motion of every kind; hann kastar honum á völlinn, he flings him down, Nj. 91; hlaupa á skip sitt, to leap on board his ship, 43; á hest, to mount quickly, Edda 75; á lend hestinum, Nj. 91; hann gengr á sáðland sitt, he walks on to his fields, 82: on, upon, komast á fætr, to get upon one’s legs, 92; ganga á land, to go a-shore, Fms. i. 40; ganga á þing, vii. 242, Grág. (often); á skóg, á merkr ok skóga, into a wood, Fb. i. 134, 257, Fms. xi. 118, Eg. 577, Nj. 130; fara á Finnmörk, to go travelling in Finmark, Fms. i. 8; koma, fara á bæ, to arrive at the farm-house; koma á veginn, Eg. 578; stíga á bát, skip, to go on board, 158; hann gékk upp á borg, he went up to the burg (castle), 717; en er þeir komu á loptriðið, 236; hrinda skipum á vatn, to float the ships down into the water, Fms. i. 58; reka austr á haf, to drift eastwards on the sea, x. 145; ríða ofan á, to ride down or over, Nj. 82.
    IV. in some cases the acc. is used where the dat. would be used, esp. with verbs denoting to see or hear, in such phrases as, þeir sá boða mikinn inn á fjörðinn, they saw great breakers away up in the bight of the firth, the acc. being due perhaps to a motion or direction of the eye or ear towards the object, Nj. 124; sá þeir fólkit á land, they saw the people in the direction of land, Fas. ii. 517: in phrases denoting to be placed, to sit, to be seated, the seat or bench is freq. in the acc. where the dat. would now be used; konungr var þar á land upp, the king was then up the country, the spectator or narrator is conceived as looking from the shore or sea-side, Nj. 46; sitja á miðjan bekk, to be seated on the middle bench, 50; skyldi konungs sæti vera á þann bekk … annat öndvegi var á hinn úæðra pall; hann setti konungs hásæti á miðjan þverpall, Fms. vi. 439, 440, cp. Fagrsk. l. c., Sturl. iii. 182; eru víða fjallbygðir upp á mörkina, in the mark or forest, Eg. 58; var þar mörk mikil á land upp, 229; mannsafnaðr er á land upp (viewed from the sea), Ld. 76; stóll var settr á mótið, Fas. i. 58; beiða fars á skip, to beg a passage, Grág. i. 90.
    V. denoting parts of the body; bíta e-n á barka, to bite one in the throat, Ísl. ii. 447; skera á háls, to cut the throat of any one, Nj. 156; brjóta e-n á háls, to break any one’s neck; brjóta e-n á bak, to break any one’s back, Fms. vii. 119; kalinn á kné, frozen to the knees with cold, Hm. 3.
    VI. denoting round; láta reipi á háls hesti, round his horse’s neck, 623. 33; leggja söðul á hest, Nj. 83; and ellipt., leggja á, to saddle; breiða feld á hofuð sér, to wrap a cloak over his head, 164; reyta á sik mosa, to gather moss to cover oneself with, 267; spenna hring á hönd, á fingr, Eg. 300.
    VII. denoting a burden; stela mat á tvá hesta, hey á fimtán hesta, i. e. a two, a fifteen horse load, Nj. 74: metaph., kjósa feigð á menn, to choose death upon them, i. e. doom them to death, Edda 22.
    B. TEMP.
    I. of a period of time, at, to; á morgun, to-morrow (í morgun now means the past morning, the morning of to-day), Ísl. ii. 333.
    II. if connected with the word day, ‘á’ is now used before a fixed or marked day, a day of the week, a feast day, or the like; á Laugardag, á Sunnudag …, on Saturday, Sunday, the Old Engl. a-Sunday, a-Monday, etc.; á Jóladaginn, Páskadaginn, on Yule and Easter-day; but in old writers more often used ellipt. Sunnudaginn, Jóladaginn …, by dropping the prep. ‘á,’ Fms. viii. 397, Grág. i. 18.
    III. connected with ‘dagr’ with the definite article suffixed, ‘á’ denotes a fixed, recurring period or season, in; á daginn, during the day-time, every day in turn, Grett. 91 A.
    IV. connected with ‘evening, morning, the seasons,’ with the article; á kveldit, every evening, Ld. 14; á sumarit, every summer, Vd. 128, where the new Ed. Fs. 51 reads sumrum; á haust, every autumn, Eg. 741 (perh. a misprint instead of á haustin or á haustum); á vetrinn, in the winter time, 710; á várit, every spring, Gþl. 347; the sing., however, is very rare in such cases, the old as well as mod. usage prefers the plur.; á nætrnar, by night, Nj. 210; á várin, Eg. 710; á sumrin, haustin, á morgnana, in the morning (á morgin, sing., means to-morrow); á kveldin, in the evening, only ‘dagr’ is used in sing., v. above (á daginn, not á dagana); but elliptically and by dropping the article, Icelanders say, kveld og morgna, nótt og dag, vetr sumar vor og haust, in the same sense as those above mentioned.
    V. denoting duration, the article is dropped in the negative phrase, aldri á sinn dag, never during one’s life; aldri á mína daga, never in my life, Bjarn. 8, where a possess. pron. is put between noun and prep., but this phrase is very rare. Such phrases as, á þann dag, that day, and á þenna dag, Stj. 12, 655 xxx. 2. 20, are unclassical.
    VI. á dag without article can only be used in a distributive sense, e. g. tvisvar á dag, twice a-day; this use is at present freq. in Icel., yet instances from old writers are not on record.
    VII. denoting a movement onward in time, such as, liðið á nótt, dag, kveld, morgun, sumar, vetr, vár, haust (or nóttina, daginn …), jól, páska, föstu, or the like, far on in the night, day …, Edda 33; er á leið vetrinn, when the winter was well on, as the winter wore on, Nj. 126; cp. áliðinn: also in the phrase, hniginn á inn efra aldr, well stricken in years, Ld. 68.
    C. Metaph. and in various relations:
    I. somewhat metaphorically, denoting an act only (not the place); fara á fund, á vit e-s, to call for one, Eg. 140; koma á ræðu við e-n, to come to a parley with, to speak, 173; ganga á tal, Nj. 103; skora á hólm, to challenge to a duel on an island; koma á grið, to enter into a service, to be domiciled, Grág. i. 151; fara á veiðar, to go a-hunting, Fms. i. 8.
    β. generally denoting on, upon, in, to; bjóða vöxtu á féit, to offer interest on the money, Grág. i. 198; ganga á berhögg, to come to blows, v. berhögg; fá á e-n, to make an impression upon one, Nj. 79; ganga á vápn e-s, to throw oneself on an enemy’s weapon, meet him face to face, Rd. 310; ganga á lagið, to press on up the spear-shaft after it has passed through one so as to get near one’s foe, i. e. to avail oneself of the last chance; bera fé á e-n, to bribe, Nj. 62; bera öl á e-n, to make drunk, Fas. i. 13; snúinn á e-t, inclined to, Fms. x. 142; sammælast á e-t, to agree upon, Nj. 86; sættast, verða sáttr á e-t, in the same sense, to come to an agreement, settlement, or atonement, 78, Edda 15, Eb. 288, Ld. 50, Fms. i. 279; ganga á mála, to serve for pay as a soldier, Nj. 121; ganga á vald e-s, to put oneself in his power, 267; ganga á sætt, to break an agreement; vega á veittar trygðir, to break truce, Grág. ii. 169.
    II. denoting in regard to, in respect to:
    1. of colour, complexion, the hue of the hair, or the like; hvítr, jarpr, dökkr … á hár, having white, brown, or dark … hair, Ísl. ii. 190, Nj. 39; svartr á brún ok brá, dark of brow and eyebrow; dökkr á hörund, id., etc.
    2. denoting skill, dexterity; hagr á tré, a good carpenter; hagr á járn, málm, smíðar …, an expert worker in iron, metals …, Eg. 4; fimr á boga, good at the bow: also used of mastership in science or arts, meistari á hörpuslátt, a master in striking the harp, Fas. iii. 220; fræðimaðr á kvæði, knowing many poems by heart, Fms. vi. 391; fræðimaðr á landnámssögur ok forna fræði, a learned scholar in histories and antiquities (of Are Frode), Ísl. ii. 189; mikill á íþrótt, skilful in an art, Edda (pref.) 148; but dat. in the phrase, kunna (vel) á skíðum, to be a cunning skater, Fms. i. 9, vii. 120.
    3. denoting dimensions; á hæð, lengd, breidd, dýpt …, in the heighth, length, breadth, depth …, Eg. 277; á hvern veg, on each side, Edda 41 (square miles); á annan veg, on the one side, Grág. i. 89.
    β. the phrase, á sik, in regard to oneself, vel (illa) á sik kominn, of a fine ( ugly) appearance, Ld. 100, Fas. iii. 74.
    III. denoting instrumentality; bjargast á sínar hendr, to live on the work of one’s own hands, (á sínar spýtur is a mod. phrase in the same sense); (vega) á skálir, pundara, to weigh in scales, Grág. ii. 370; at hann hefði tvá pundara, ok hefði á hinn meira keypt en á hinn minna selt, of a man using two scales, a big one for buying and a little one for selling, Sturl. i. 91; á sinn kostnað, at one’s own expense; nefna e-n á nafn, by name, Grág. i. 17, etc. The Icel. also say, spinna á rokk, snældu, to spin on or with a rock or distaff; mala á kvern, to grind in a ‘querne,’ where Edda 73 uses dat.; esp. of musical instruments, syngja, leika á hljóðfæri, hörpu, gígju …; in the old usage, leika hörpu …, Stj. 458.
    IV. denoting the manner or way of doing:
    1. á þessa lund, in this wise, Grág. ii. 22; á marga vega, á alla, ymsa vega, in many, all, respects, Fms. i. 114; á sitt hóf, in its turn, respectively, Ld. 136, where the context shews that the expression answers to the Lat. mutatis mutandis; á Þýðersku, after German fashion, Sks. 288.
    2. esp. of language; mæla, rita á e-a tungu, to speak, write in a tongue; á Írsku, in Irish, Ld. 76; Norrænu, in Norse, Eb. 330, Vm. 35; a Danska tungu, in Danish, i. e. Scandinavian, Norse, or Icelandic, Grág. i. 18; á Vára tungu, i. e. in Icelandic, 181; rita á Norræna tungu, to write in Norse, Hkr. (pref.), Bs. i. 59:—at present, dat. is sometimes used.
    3. in some phrases the acc. is used instead of the dat.; hann sýndi á sik mikit gaman, Fms. x. 329; hann lét ekki á sik finna, he shewed no sign of motion, Nj. 111; skaltú önga fáleika á þik gera (Cod. Kalf.), 14.
    V. used in a distributive sense; skal mörk kaupa gæzlu á kú, eðr oxa fim vetra gamlan, a mark for every cow, Grág. i. 147; alin á hvert hross, 442; á mann, per man (now freq.): cp. also á dag above, lit. B.
    VI. connected with nouns,
    1. prepositional; á hendr (with dat.), against; á hæla, at heel, close behind; á bak, at back, i. e. past, after; á vit (with gen.), towards.
    2. adverbially; á braut, away, abroad; á víxl, in turns; á mis, amiss; á víð ok dreif, a-wide and a-drift, i. e. dispersedly.
    3. used almost redundantly before the following prep.; á eptir, after, behind; á undan, in front of; á meðal, á milli, among; á mót, against; á við, about, alike; á frá (cp. Swed. ifrån), from (rare); á fyrir = fyrir, Haustl. 1; á hjá, beside (rare); á fram, a-head, forwards; á samt, together; ávalt = of allt, always: following a prep., upp á, upon; niðr á, down upon; ofan á, eptir á, post eventum, (temp.) á eptir is loc., id., etc.
    VII. connected with many transitive verbs, answering to the Lat. ad- or in-, in composition, in many cases periphrastically for an objective case. The prep. generally follows after the verb, instead of being prefixed to it as in Lat., and answers to the Engl. on, to; heita kalla, hrópa á, to call on; heyra, hlusta, hlyða á, to hearken to, listen to; hyggja, hugsa á, to think on; minna á, to remind; sjá, líta, horfa, stara, mæna, glápa, koma auga … á, to look on; girnast á, to wish for; trúa á, to believe on; skora á, to call on any one to come out, challenge; kæra á, to accuse; heilsa á, to greet; herja, ganga, ríða, hlaupa, ráða … á, to fall on, attack, cp. ágangr, áreið, áhlaup; ljúga á, to tell lies of, to slander; telja á, to carp at; ausa, tala, hella, kasta, verpa … á, to pour, throw on; ríða, bera, dreifa á, to sprinkle on; vanta, skorta á, to fall short of; ala á, to plead, beg; leggja á, to throw a spell on, lay a saddle on; hætta á, to venture on; gizka á, to guess at; kveða á, to fix on, etc.: in a reciprocal sense, haldast á, of mutual strife; sendast á, to exchange presents; skrifast á, to correspond (mod.); kallast á, to shout mutually; standast á, to coincide, so as to be just opposite one another, etc.
    2.
    f. [Lat. aqua; Goth. ahva; Hel. aha; A. S. eâ; O. H. G. aha, owa; cp. Germ. ach and aue; Fr. eau, eaux; Engl. Ax-, Ex-, etc., in names of places; Swed.-Dan. å; the Scandinavians absorb the hu, so that only a single vowel or diphthong remains of the whole word]:—a river. The old form in nom. dat. acc. sing. is , v. the introduction to A, page 1, Bs. i. 333 sq., where ́n, ́ (acc.), and ́na; so also Greg. 677; the old fragm. of Grág. ii. 222, 223, new Ed. In the Kb. of the Edda the old form occurs twice, viz. page 75, ́na (acc.), (but two lines below, ána), í ́nni (dat.) The old form also repeatedly occurs in the Kb. and Sb. of the Grág., e. g. ii. 266, 267: gen. sing. ár; nom. pl. ár, gen. á contracted, dat. ám, obsolete form ́m; Edda 43, Eg. 80, 99, 133, 185: proverbs, at ósi skal á stemma, answering to the Lat. principiis obsta, Edda 60; hér kemr á til sæfar, here the river runs into the sea, metaph. = this is the very end, seems to have been a favourite ending of old poems; it is recorded in the Húsdrápa and the Norðsetadrápa, v. Edda 96, Skálda 198; cp. the common saying, oil vötn renna til sævar, ‘all waters run into the sea.’ Rivers with glacier water are in Icel. called Hvítá, White river, or Jökulsá: Hitá, Hot river, from a hot spring, opp. to Kaldá, v. Landn.: others take a name from the fish in them, as Laxá, Lax or Salmon river (freq.); Örriða á, etc.: a tributary river is þverá, etc.: ár in the Njála often means the great rivers Ölfusá and Þjórsá in the south of Iceland. Áin helga, a river in Sweden, Hkr. ii: á is also suffixed to the names of foreign rivers, Tempsá = Thames; Dóná, Danube (Germ. Don-au), (mod.), etc. Vide Edda (Gl.) 116, 117, containing the names of over a hundred North-English and Scottish rivers.
    COMPDS: áráll, árbakki, árbrot, ardjúp, árfarvegr, árfors, árgljúfr, árhlutr, ármegin, árminni, ármót, áróss, árreki, árstraumr, árströnd, árvað, árvegr, árvöxtr.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > Á

  • 15 язык

    I м.
    1) анат. tongue [tʌŋ]

    обло́женный язы́к мед. — coated / furred tongue

    воспале́ние языка́ мед. — glossitis

    показа́ть язы́к — 1) (дт.; врачу и т.п.) show one's tongue (to a doctor, etc) 2) (кому́-л; из озорства) put out one's tongue (at smb)

    вы́сунув язы́к — with one's tongue hanging out

    2) ( кушанье) tongue

    копчёный язы́к — smoked tongue

    3) ( в колоколе) clapper, tongue ( of a bell)

    языки́ пла́мени — tongues of flame, flames

    язы́к ледника́ геол. — glacier tongue, ice stream

    язы́к обводне́ния горн. — lateral coning

    язы́к пла́стовой воды́ геол. — formation water finger

    5)

    морско́й язы́к зоол. — sole

    ••

    язы́к без косте́й — ≈ unruly member

    язы́к до Ки́ева доведёт погов. — ≈ you can get anywhere if you know how to use your tongue; a clever tongue will take you anywhere

    язы́к мой - враг мой погов. — my tongue is my enemy

    язы́к на плечо́ / плече́ — ≈ ready to drop; dead on one's feet

    язы́к слома́ешь, язы́к слома́ть мо́жно — it's a jawbreaker

    держа́ть язы́к за зуба́ми — hold one's tongue

    злы́е языки́ — evil / malicious / venomous tongues

    как у тебя́ язы́к повора́чивается говори́ть тако́е? — how can you say such things?

    не сходи́ть с языка́ у кого́-л — be on smb's tongue all the time; be always on smb's lips

    о́стрый язы́к — sharp tongue

    отсо́хни (у меня́) язы́к (, е́сли я вру) — may my tongue dry up and fall off (if I'm lying)

    попада́ться на язы́к кому́-л — fall victim to smb's tongue

    придержа́ть язы́к разг. — keep a still tongue in one's head

    прикуси́ть язы́к — bite one's tongue

    проглоти́ть язы́к — swallow one's tongue

    ты что́, язы́к проглоти́л? — cat got your tongue?

    проси́ться на язы́к — be on the tip of one's tongue

    развяза́ть язы́к — loosen [-sn] one's tongue

    распусти́ть язы́к — (begin to) wag one's tongue

    сорва́ться с языка́ у кого́-л — escape smb's lips; slip out of smb's mouth

    тяну́ть / дёргать кого́-л за язы́к — make smb say smth

    никто́ тебя́ за язы́к не тяну́л — no one forced you to talk

    у него́ язы́к не повернётся сказа́ть э́то — he won't have the heart [bring himself] to say it

    у него́ язы́к че́шется сказа́ть э́то — he is itching to say it

    у него́ дли́нный язы́к — he has a loose tongue [a big mouth]

    у него́ отня́лся язы́к — his tongue failed him

    у него́ хорошо́ язы́к подве́шен разг. — he has a ready / glib tongue

    у него́ что на уме́, то и на языке́ разг. — ≈ he wears his heart on his sleeve

    чёрт меня́ дёрнул за язы́к! — what possessed me to say that!

    чеса́ть языко́м разг. — wag one's tongue

    верте́ться на языке́ [на ко́нчике языка́] — см. вертеться

    II м.
    1) ( речь) language, tongue [tʌŋ]

    ру́сский язы́к — the Russian language

    национа́льный язы́к — national language

    родовы́е языки́ — clan languages

    племенны́е языки́ — tribal languages

    о́бщий язы́к — common language

    родно́й язы́к — mother tongue; native language; vernacular научн.

    живо́й язы́к — living language

    мёртвый язы́к — dead language

    обихо́дный язы́к — everyday language

    разгово́рный язы́к — colloquial / informal speech; spoken language

    литерату́рный язы́к — literary language

    иностра́нный язы́к — foreign language

    но́вые языки́ — modern languages

    владе́ть каки́м-л языко́м — speak / know a language

    владе́ть каки́м-л языко́м в соверше́нстве — have a perfect command of a language

    2) (рд.; средства выражения; стиль) language; style

    язы́к Пу́шкина — the language of Pushkin

    язы́к поэ́зии — poetic diction

    язы́к журнали́стики — journalese

    язы́к юриди́ческих докуме́нтов — legalese

    говори́ть языко́м (рд.) — use the language (of)

    3) (система знаков, средств передачи информации) language

    язы́к программи́рования — programming language

    на языке́ цифр — in the language of figures / numbers

    4) воен. разг. ( пленный) prisoner (of war) for interrogation

    добы́ть языка́ — capture an enemy soldier for interrogation [who will talk]

    ••

    найти́ о́бщий язы́к (с тв.) — 1) ( понять друг друга) speak the same language (as), find a common language (with) 2) ( договориться о чём-л) come to terms (with)

    говори́ть на ра́зных языка́х — speak different languages

    вам ру́сским языко́м говоря́т — you're told in plain language

    III м. уст.
    ( народ) people, nation
    ••

    при́тча во язы́цех книжн. — ≈ the talk of the town

    Новый большой русско-английский словарь > язык

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